動詞三態變化規則不規則變化表包含發音（多益必背單字三態變化英文動詞三態變化表）
一、三態什麼時候用？
原形（V）的用法
① 現在簡單式（主詞不是第三人稱單數）
過去式（Past）的用法
① 過去簡單式：過去某時間發生、已結束的事（肯定句）
我們上週末去了台南。
② 過去連續發生的動作
He got up, took a shower, and left for work.
他起床、洗澡，然後出門上班。
③ 假設語氣：與現在事實相反
If I had more time, I would travel more.
如果我有更多時間，我會多去旅行。
過去分詞（p.p.）的用法
① 現在完成式：have / has + p.p.
I have finished my homework.
我已經寫完作業了。
She has been to Japan twice.
她去過日本兩次。
② 過去完成式：had + p.p.（比過去更早發生）
The movie had already begun when we arrived.
我們到的時候電影已經開始了。
③ 被動語態：be + p.p.
This bridge was built in 1990.
這座橋建於 1990 年。
English is spoken all over the world.
全世界都有人說英文。
同一個動詞，三態對照
| 用法 | 形態 | 例句 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 現在簡單式 | 原形 | I eat breakfast at seven. | 我七點吃早餐。 |
| 過去簡單式 | 過去式 | I ate breakfast at seven. | 我七點吃了早餐。 |
| 過去否定 | did + 原形 | I didn’t eat breakfast. | 我沒吃早餐。 |
| 現在完成式 | have + p.p. | I have already eaten breakfast. | 我已經吃過早餐了。 |
| 被動語態 | be + p.p. | The cake was eaten by the kids. | 蛋糕被小孩吃掉了。 |
常見錯誤
| 錯誤 | 正確 | 原因 |
|---|---|---|
| I have went there. | I have gone there. | have 後面接 p.p.，不是過去式 |
| He has wrote a letter. | He has written a letter. | write 的 p.p. 是 written |
| Did you saw it? | Did you see it? | did 後面接原形 |
| She didn’t came. | She didn’t come. | didn’t 後面接原形 |
| The window was broke. | The window was broken. | 被動語態用 p.p. |
| I seen him yesterday. | I saw him yesterday. | 過去簡單式用過去式 |
二、規則動詞：-ed 的變化規則
規則 1｜一般動詞：直接加 -ed
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| work | worked | worked | 工作 |
| help | helped | helped | 幫助 |
| want | wanted | wanted | 想要 |
| clean | cleaned | cleaned | 清潔 |
| look | looked | looked | 看 |
I worked late last night.
我昨晚工作到很晚。
規則 2｜字尾是 e：只加 -d
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| like | liked | liked | 喜歡 |
| move | moved | moved | 移動 |
| agree | agreed | agreed | 同意 |
| die | died | died | 死亡 |
| tie | tied | tied | 綁 |
We moved to Taipei two years ago.
我們兩年前搬到台北。
※ 字尾 -ie 的動詞（die, tie, lie 說謊）同樣只加 -d。
規則 3｜子音 + y：去 y 加 -ied
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| study | studied | studied | 學習 |
| try | tried | tried | 嘗試 |
| cry | cried | cried | 哭 |
| carry | carried | carried | 攜帶 |
| worry | worried | worried | 擔心 |
| apply | applied | applied | 申請 |
She studied English in Canada.
她在加拿大念英文。
I have tried everything.
我什麼方法都試過了。
規則 4｜母音 + y：直接加 -ed
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| play | played | played | 玩 |
| stay | stayed | stayed | 停留 |
| enjoy | enjoyed | enjoyed | 享受 |
| obey | obeyed | obeyed | 服從 |
The kids played in the park all afternoon.
孩子們整個下午都在公園玩。
※ 例外：pay → paid、say → said、lay → laid（屬不規則，見 ABB 型）。
規則 5｜單音節「子音＋短母音＋子音」：重複字尾再加 -ed
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| stop | stopped | stopped | 停止 |
| plan | planned | planned | 計畫 |
| drop | dropped | dropped | 掉落 |
| shop | shopped | shopped | 購物 |
| rob | robbed | robbed | 搶劫 |
| beg | begged | begged | 乞求 |
The bus stopped suddenly.
公車突然停下來。
We have planned a trip to Japan.
我們已經計畫好去日本的旅行。
※ 字尾是 w、x、y 不重複：snow → snowed、fix → fixed、play → played。
※ 兩個母音不重複：rain → rained、cook → cooked。
規則 6｜雙音節、重音在最後一音節：重複字尾再加 -ed
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| prefer | preferred | preferred | 偏好 |
| admit | admitted | admitted | 承認 |
| occur | occurred | occurred | 發生 |
| control | controlled | controlled | 控制 |
| permit | permitted | permitted | 允許 |
Nobody admitted breaking the window.
沒有人承認打破窗戶。
※ 重音在前面就不重複：visit → visited、open → opened、happen → happened、listen → listened。
規則 7｜字尾 -l：英式重複 l，美式不重複
| 原形 | 美式 | 英式 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| travel | traveled | travelled | 旅行 |
| cancel | canceled | cancelled | 取消 |
| label | labeled | labelled | 貼標籤 |
We traveled around Europe last summer.
我們去年夏天在歐洲旅行。
規則 8｜字尾 -c：加 k 再加 -ed
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| panic | panicked | panicked | 驚慌 |
| picnic | picnicked | picnicked | 野餐 |
| mimic | mimicked | mimicked | 模仿 |
| traffic | trafficked | trafficked | 非法交易 |
Everyone panicked when the lights went out.
燈一熄滅，大家都慌了。
三、-ed 的三種發音
| 發音 | 規則 | 例字 |
|---|---|---|
| /t/ | 原形字尾為無聲子音 /p/ /k/ /f/ /s/ /ʃ/ /tʃ/ | stopped, looked, laughed, missed, washed, watched |
| /d/ | 原形字尾為有聲子音或母音 | played, called, lived, opened, studied, cleaned |
| /ɪd/ | 原形字尾為 /t/ 或 /d/ | wanted, needed, visited, decided, started |
四、AAA 型：三態同形
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| bet | bet | bet | 打賭 |
| bid | bid | bid | 出價 |
| broadcast | broadcast | broadcast | 廣播 |
| burst | burst | burst | 爆裂 |
| cast | cast | cast | 投擲；選角 |
| cost | cost | cost | 花費 |
| cut | cut | cut | 切 |
| fit | fit | fit | 適合 （英式亦可 fitted） |
| forecast | forecast | forecast | 預測 |
| hit | hit | hit | 打 |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | 受傷；傷害 |
| let | let | let | 讓 |
| put | put | put | 放 |
| quit | quit | quit | 放棄；離職 |
| read | read | read | 讀 （拼字相同，但過去式/分詞唸 /rɛd/） |
| rid | rid | rid | 擺脫 |
| set | set | set | 設定；放置 |
| shed | shed | shed | 脫落；流（淚） |
| shut | shut | shut | 關閉 |
| slit | slit | slit | 切開 |
| split | split | split | 分裂 |
| spread | spread | spread | 散布 |
| thrust | thrust | thrust | 猛推 |
| upset | upset | upset | 使心煩 |
| wet | wet | wet | 弄濕 （亦可 wetted） |
| knit | knit | knit | 編織 （亦可 knitted） |
I cut my finger yesterday.
我昨天切到手指。
The meeting has been put off until Friday.
會議延到星期五了。
I read that book last year.
我去年讀過那本書。
五、AAB 型：原形 = 過去式
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| beat | beat | beaten | 打；打敗 |
Our team beat them 3–0.
我們隊以三比零打敗他們。
We have never been beaten at home.
我們在主場從沒輸過。
六、ABA 型：原形 = 過去分詞
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| come | came | come | 來 |
| become | became | become | 變成 |
| overcome | overcame | overcome | 克服 |
| run | ran | run | 跑 |
| outrun | outran | outrun | 跑贏 |
He came home late last night.
他昨晚很晚才回家。
Winter has come early this year.
今年冬天來得早。
I have run three marathons.
我跑過三次馬拉松。
七、ABB 型：過去式 = 過去分詞
ABB-1-ought / -aught 結尾
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| bring | brought | brought | 帶來 |
| buy | bought | bought | 買 |
| fight | fought | fought | 打架；奮鬥 |
| seek | sought | sought | 尋求 |
| think | thought | thought | 想 |
| catch | caught | caught | 抓住 |
| teach | taught | taught | 教 |
My dad bought me a new bike.
我爸買了一台新腳踏車給我。
She has taught English for ten years.
她已經教英文十年了。
ABB-2字尾 -d 變 -t
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| bend | bent | bent | 彎曲 |
| build | built | built | 建造 |
| lend | lent | lent | 借出 |
| send | sent | sent | 寄送 |
| spend | spent | spent | 花費 |
They built a new MRT station near my house.
他們在我家附近蓋了新的捷運站。
I have spent all my money.
我把錢都花光了。
ABB-3ee / ea 縮成 e（短音）
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| bleed | bled | bled | 流血 |
| breed | bred | bred | 繁殖 |
| feed | fed | fed | 餵 |
| flee | fled | fled | 逃跑 |
| lead | led | led | 帶領 |
| meet | met | met | 遇見 |
| speed | sped | sped | 加速 （亦可 speeded） |
I met my best friend in high school.
我在高中認識了我最好的朋友。
Have you fed the cat?
你餵貓了嗎？
ABB-4母音變短 + 加 -t
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| creep | crept | crept | 爬行 |
| keep | kept | kept | 保持 |
| sleep | slept | slept | 睡覺 |
| sweep | swept | swept | 掃 |
| weep | wept | wept | 哭泣 |
| feel | felt | felt | 感覺 |
| kneel | knelt | knelt | 跪 |
| deal | dealt | dealt | 處理 （唸 /dɛlt/） |
| mean | meant | meant | 意思是 （唸 /mɛnt/） |
| leave | left | left | 離開 |
| lose | lost | lost | 遺失；輸 |
I slept for ten hours last night.
我昨晚睡了十個小時。
He has already left the office.
他已經離開辦公室了。
ABB-5-ay 變 -aid
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| lay | laid | laid | 放置；下蛋 |
| pay | paid | paid | 付錢 |
| say | said | said | 說 （唸 /sɛd/） |
She said she was busy.
她說她很忙。
Have you paid the bill?
你付帳單了嗎？
ABB-6i / a 變 u
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| cling | clung | clung | 緊抓 |
| dig | dug | dug | 挖 |
| fling | flung | flung | 猛扔 |
| hang | hung | hung | 掛 （「吊死」用 hanged） |
| spin | spun | spun | 旋轉 |
| stick | stuck | stuck | 黏；卡住 |
| sting | stung | stung | 螫 |
| strike | struck | struck | 打擊 |
| swing | swung | swung | 搖擺 |
| wring | wrung | wrung | 擰乾 |
| win | won | won | 贏 （唸 /wʌn/） |
Our car got stuck in the mud.
我們的車卡在泥巴裡。
Taiwan won the gold medal.
台灣贏得金牌。
ABB-7i 變 ou（-ind → -ound）
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| bind | bound | bound | 綑綁 |
| find | found | found | 找到 |
| grind | ground | ground | 磨碎 |
| wind | wound | wound | 纏繞；上發條 （唸 /waʊnd/） |
I found my keys under the sofa.
我在沙發底下找到鑰匙。
The coffee beans are ground fresh every morning.
咖啡豆每天早上現磨。
ABB-8-ell 變 -old
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| sell | sold | sold | 賣 |
| tell | told | told | 告訴 |
He sold his car last month.
他上個月把車賣了。
I was told to wait outside.
我被告知在外面等。
ABB-9其他 ABB 型
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| have / has | had | had | 有；吃 |
| make | made | made | 製作 |
| hear | heard | heard | 聽見 （唸 /hɝd/） |
| hold | held | held | 握；舉辦 |
| behold | beheld | beheld | 看見 |
| light | lit | lit | 點燃 （亦可 lighted） |
| shoot | shot | shot | 射擊 |
| shine | shone | shone | 發光 （「擦亮」用 shined） |
| sit | sat | sat | 坐 |
| spit | spat | spat | 吐口水 （美式亦可 spit） |
| slide | slid | slid | 滑動 |
| stand | stood | stood | 站 |
| understand | understood | understood | 了解 |
| withstand | withstood | withstood | 承受 |
| get | got | got （美式 gotten） | 得到 |
We had dinner at a night market.
我們在夜市吃晚餐。
The concert was held in Taipei.
演唱會在台北舉辦。
I have never understood this rule.
我一直搞不懂這條規則。
八、ABC 型：三態皆不同
ABC-1i → a → u
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| begin | began | begun | 開始 |
| drink | drank | drunk | 喝 |
| ring | rang | rung | （鈴）響 |
| shrink | shrank | shrunk | 縮小 |
| sing | sang | sung | 唱 |
| sink | sank | sunk | 下沉 |
| spring | sprang | sprung | 跳起 |
| stink | stank | stunk | 發臭 |
| swim | swam | swum | 游泳 |
The movie began at seven.
電影七點開始。
Have you ever swum in the ocean?
你有在海裡游過泳嗎？
ABC-2-ow / -aw → -ew → -own / -awn
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| blow | blew | blown | 吹 |
| grow | grew | grown | 成長；種植 |
| know | knew | known | 知道 |
| throw | threw | thrown | 丟 |
| fly | flew | flown | 飛 |
| draw | drew | drawn | 畫；拉 |
| withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn | 提款；撤回 |
The wind blew all night.
風吹了一整夜。
How long have you known her?
你認識她多久了？
ABC-3過去式母音變 o，過去分詞加 -en
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| break | broke | broken | 打破 |
| choose | chose | chosen | 選擇 |
| freeze | froze | frozen | 結冰 |
| speak | spoke | spoken | 說話 |
| steal | stole | stolen | 偷 |
| wake | woke | woken | 醒來 |
| weave | wove | woven | 編織 |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | 忘記 |
| tread | trod | trodden | 踩 |
Someone stole my wallet.
有人偷了我的錢包。
The window was broken by the storm.
窗戶被暴風雨打破了。
I have forgotten his name.
我忘了他的名字。
ABC-4i → o → i + -en（長 i 音變短）
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| drive | drove | driven | 開車 |
| ride | rode | ridden | 騎 |
| rise | rose | risen | 上升 |
| arise | arose | arisen | 出現；產生 |
| strive | strove | striven | 努力 |
| write | wrote | written | 寫 |
He drove to work this morning.
他今天早上開車上班。
This book was written in 1950.
這本書寫於 1950 年。
ABC-5過去式去 e，過去分詞加 -en
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| bite | bit | bitten | 咬 |
| hide | hid | hidden | 躲藏 |
A dog bit him on the leg.
一隻狗咬了他的腿。
The money was hidden under the bed.
錢藏在床底下。
ABC-6-ear → -ore → -orn
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| bear | bore | born(e) | 忍受；生育 |
| swear | swore | sworn | 發誓 |
| tear | tore | torn | 撕 |
| wear | wore | worn | 穿戴 |
She wore a red dress to the party.
她穿紅色洋裝去派對。
My jeans are torn.
我的牛仔褲破了。
ABC-7過去分詞 = 原形 + -n / -en
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| eat | ate | eaten | 吃 |
| fall | fell | fallen | 落下 |
| give | gave | given | 給 |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | 原諒 |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden | 禁止 |
| see | saw | seen | 看見 |
| foresee | foresaw | foreseen | 預見 |
| shake | shook | shaken | 搖動 |
| take | took | taken | 拿 |
| mistake | mistook | mistaken | 誤會 |
| undertake | undertook | undertaken | 承擔 |
We ate too much last night.
我們昨晚吃太多了。
Have you taken your medicine?
你吃藥了嗎？
He was given a second chance.
他被給了第二次機會。
ABC-8完全不規則（必背）
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| be (am / is / are) | was / were | been | 是 |
| do / does | did | done | 做 |
| go | went | gone | 去 |
| undergo | underwent | undergone | 經歷 |
| lie（躺） | lay | lain | 躺；位於 |
I went to bed early yesterday.
我昨天很早就睡了。
Have you done your homework?
你寫完作業了嗎？
The cat lay in the sun all afternoon.
貓整個下午都躺在太陽下。
She has gone to Japan.
她去日本了。（現在人在日本）
She has been to Japan.
她去過日本。（已經回來了）
九、過去式規則、過去分詞不規則
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| show | showed | shown / showed | 展示 |
| sew | sewed | sewn / sewed | 縫 |
| sow | sowed | sown / sowed | 播種 |
| mow | mowed | mown / mowed | 割草 |
| swell | swelled | swollen / swelled | 腫脹 |
| prove | proved | proven / proved | 證明 |
| saw | sawed | sawn / sawed | 鋸 |
She showed me her photos.
她給我看她的照片。
The film was shown on TV last night.
那部電影昨晚在電視上播出。
十、規則／不規則兩種都可以
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| burn | burned / burnt | burned / burnt | 燃燒 |
| dream | dreamed / dreamt | dreamed / dreamt | 做夢 |
| dwell | dwelled / dwelt | dwelled / dwelt | 居住 |
| kneel | kneeled / knelt | kneeled / knelt | 跪 |
| lean | leaned / leant | leaned / leant | 倚靠 |
| leap | leaped / leapt | leaped / leapt | 跳躍 |
| learn | learned / learnt | learned / learnt | 學習 |
| smell | smelled / smelt | smelled / smelt | 聞 |
| spell | spelled / spelt | spelled / spelt | 拼字 |
| spill | spilled / spilt | spilled / spilt | 灑出 |
| spoil | spoiled / spoilt | spoiled / spoilt | 寵壞；破壞 |
| dive | dived / dove （美） | dived | 潛水 |
I learned a lot from this class.
我在這堂課學到很多。
Oops, the toast is burnt.
糟糕，吐司烤焦了。
十一、易混淆動詞
| 原形 | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|---|
| lie | lay | lain | 躺（不及物） |
| lie | lied | lied | 說謊 |
| lay | laid | laid | 放置；下蛋（及物） |
| rise | rose | risen | 上升（不及物） |
| raise | raised | raised | 舉起；提高（及物） |
| hang | hung | hung | 懸掛 |
| hang | hanged | hanged | 吊死；絞刑 |
| find | found | found | 找到 |
| found | founded | founded | 創立 |
| fall | fell | fallen | 落下 |
| fell | felled | felled | 砍倒 |
| see | saw | seen | 看見 |
| saw | sawed | sawn / sawed | 鋸 |
| wind /waɪnd/ | wound | wound | 纏繞；上發條 |
| wound /wuːnd/ | wounded | wounded | 使受傷 |
| shine | shone | shone | 發光（不及物） |
| shine | shined | shined | 擦亮（及物） |
I lay in bed all morning.
我整個早上都躺在床上。（lie 躺的過去式）
She laid the baby on the bed.
她把寶寶放在床上。（lay 放置的過去式）
He lied to me.
他對我說謊。
He raised his hand to ask a question.
他舉手發問。
The company was founded in 2010.
這家公司創立於 2010 年。
```
